Field Effect Transistors (FETs) are widely used in various circuit designs. However, their role and behavior differ significantly depending on whether they’re used in digital or analog circuits. This post provides a side-by-side comparison of how FETs function in each type of circuit, highlighting application differences and design considerations.     1. FET Usage in Digital Circuits In digital circuits, FETs primarily serve as switches. When the gate voltage reaches a certain threshold, the FET turns on (conducts); otherwise, it turns off. This switching property forms the basis for logical operations. CMOS logic, for example, uses NMOS and PMOS pairs to implement gates such as NAND and NOR. Operation: On/Off switching based on gate voltage Main Uses: GPIO control on microcontrollers, logic gates, digital signal routing Features: Fast switching, low power consumption, high integration     2. FET Usage in Analog Circui...

Capacitors are essential components in electronic circuits, and they are broadly classified into polarized capacitors and non-polarized capacitors . These two types differ significantly in structure, principle, and application. Choosing the wrong type can lead to circuit failure or even explosion, so it’s crucial to understand their characteristics. This post explains the principles and uses of polarized and non-polarized capacitors in a clear comparison.     1. Principle and Features of Polarized Capacitors Principle: One electrode functions as the positive terminal, and the other as the negative. Incorrect connection can damage the electrolyte, causing leakage or explosion. Thanks to their electrolyte-based structure, they can achieve high capacitance in a small package. Main types: Electrolytic capacitors, tantalum capacitors Features: High capacitance, compact size, low cost, requires polarity marking (+/-) 2. Principle and Features of Non-...